6-Phase Dual Axial Flux Generator Calculator
Estimate open-circuit voltage, frequency, and 6-phase geometry attributes for dual rotor AFPM generators.
Generator Design Insights
Six-phase connection assumptions
This calculator assumes six balanced phase voltages spaced 60° apart in one star connection. It does not model two isolated three-phase stars, their phase-set displacement, or separate neutrals; verify the winding diagram before using line-voltage results.
Adjacent vs opposite line voltages
For a symmetrical 6-phase star connection with 60° separation, the adjacent line voltage equals the phase voltage, while the opposite line voltage is double the phase voltage.
Source: Derived from the balanced 6-phase voltage phasors.
Dual-rotor geometry is not solved by this screen
The estimate uses the entered peak fundamental air-gap flux density over one active annulus. It does not model the two air gaps, leakage, magnet shape, or stator construction, and does not double area or voltage for two rotors.
Source: Model scope: this tool does not solve dual-gap field geometry.
Need a detailed winding-aware review of a 6-phase estimate? Share your coil layout, fault tolerance goals, and operating limits with the engineering team.
Request engineering reviewMethodology & Sources
| Source | Usage | Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Asko Parviainen, Design of Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Low-Speed Machines and Performance Comparison between Radial-Flux and Axial-Flux Machines, §2.2.4 (2005)Reviewed: | Reference for fundamental no-load phase-voltage estimation from air-gap flux, series turns, frequency, and winding factor. | This thesis models a different axial-flux topology. It supports the voltage equation only; this calculator simplifies the field to a uniform annulus and does not model leakage, loaded voltage drop, saturation, or harmonics. |
| Turki Alsuwian et al., Six-Phase Fully Coreless Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Generator: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis, IEEE Access 13 (2025)Reviewed: | Peer-reviewed example of a six-phase axial-flux PM generator design and prototype validation. | The paper studies a fully coreless multi-stage machine, not this calculator’s dual-rotor single-stator topology. Its prototype results do not validate this screening model or predict its output. |
| Decoupled d-q Model of Double-Star Interior-Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60(6) (2013)Reviewed: | Documents a common dual-three-phase/double-star arrangement with displaced three-phase winding sets. | The study describes one motor topology; its winding displacement does not define every six-phase generator and is not modeled by this calculator. |
Calculation basis
- Electrical frequency:
f = poles × RPM / 120. - Flux per pole:
Φ ≈ (2/π) × Bpeak × annulus area / poles, assuming a sinusoidal field over a uniform annulus. - Open-circuit phase voltage:
Ephase ≈ 4.44 × f × turns per phase × kw × Φ. The model assumes all entered coils are series-connected as equal groups across six phases. - Star-connected line voltage:
Vline = 2 × Vphase × sin(phase separation / 2). This gives a line voltage equal to the phase voltage for adjacent phases (60°) and double for opposite phases (180°).
These are screening equations. Confirm the actual winding diagram, flux waveform, connection, insulation, current, thermal limits, and loaded voltage before selecting hardware. Default values are illustrative inputs, not measured test results or a generator rating.
The 400 Hz frequency and 1,000 V line-voltage alerts are this tool's screening triggers, not validated performance limits or compliance thresholds.
6-Phase Dual Axial Flux Generator FAQ
What does this 6-phase generator calculator estimate?
It estimates electrical frequency, open-circuit RMS phase voltage, and star-connected line voltages (adjacent 60° and opposite 180°) from speed, active annulus dimensions, pole/coil counts, peak fundamental air-gap flux density, winding factor, and turns per coil. It does not predict loaded voltage or rated power.
Why does a 6-phase generator have different line voltages?
A symmetrical 6-phase system has phases separated by 60 electrical degrees. Measuring voltage between adjacent phases gives the same voltage as a single phase, while measuring between opposite phases (180 degrees apart) gives double the phase voltage.
Does this calculator model a dual three-phase winding?
No. “Dual” in the diagram refers to the two rotor discs. The electrical model is one symmetrical six-phase star with six phase voltages 60 electrical degrees apart. It does not calculate two separate three-phase stars, a specified displacement between the phase sets, or separate neutral points. Coil count alone does not define that connection; verify the winding diagram and use winding-specific analysis before applying these line-voltage results.
Is this calculator for coreless or iron-core stators?
It is a first-pass voltage screen for either construction if you supply a suitable peak fundamental air-gap flux density and winding factor. It does not model cogging torque, stator-core loss, magnet eddy-current loss, or winding temperature.
Does this estimate give loaded voltage or rated power?
No. It estimates open-circuit sinusoidal voltage. Loaded voltage depends on winding resistance, leakage reactance, and the connected rectifier or inverter. Continuous power also requires current, loss, cooling, and duty-cycle analysis, none of which this screen calculates.
Should I double the result because the generator has two rotors?
No. The model uses the peak fundamental air-gap flux density you enter over one active annulus; it does not derive the field from the magnet and rotor geometry or add a second rotor contribution. Use a flux value supported by analysis or measurement for the actual magnetic circuit, and do not double the displayed voltage.
How should I choose flux density and winding factor?
Use values from electromagnetic analysis or measurement for the intended operating point. Magnet remanence is not the same as peak fundamental air-gap flux density, and winding factor depends on the actual coil layout and pitch. The default values are examples, not measured design data.
What does the pole-count and coil-count warning mean?
Equal pole and coil counts are not automatically invalid. The warning means this screening model cannot verify the actual coil layout, winding factor, back-EMF harmonics, or cogging torque; check the winding diagram before choosing a design.
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